Cardiac Arrhythmias
Премьера: 2005
Автор: Edited by Antonio Raviele
Издание: Springer-Verlag Italia
ISBN: 88-470-0370-9
Информация: PDF
Quality: Отсканированные страницы
Сюжет: Proceedings of the
9th International Workshop
on Cardiac Arrhythmias
(Venice, 2-5 October 2005)
SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA AND ATRIAL FLUTTER
Right and Left Atrial Flutter: How To Differentiate Them on the Basis
of Surface Electrocardiogram?
G. Inama, C. Pedrinazzi,O. Durin, P. Gazzaniga, P.Agricola . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Atypical Atrial Flutter: How to Diagnose, Locate, and Ablate It
Y.Yang, M.M. Scheinman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Catheter Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter.What Are the Long-Term
Results and Predictors of Recurrences?
P. Delise , N. Sitta , L. Coro’ , L. Sciarra, E.Marras, M. Bocchino,
G. Berton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Atrial Fibrillation After Ablation of Atrial Flutter:Who Is at Risk?
E. Bertaglia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Electroanatomic Mapping to Support Ablation of Complex Supraventricular
Arrhythmias: Does It Matter?
R. De Ponti,R.Verlato,G.Pelargonio, F.Drago,A. Fusco, J.A. Salerno-Uriarte
on behalf of the Investigators of the Project of ElectroAnatomic mapping
for Complex arrhythmia Evaluation (PEACE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL
AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS
Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation:Which Electrophysiological Substrate?
R.N.W.Hauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Inflammation and Infection: Underestimated Causes of Atrial Fibrillation?
A.S.Montenero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Atrial Remodelling:What Have We Learned in the Last Decade?
G.V.Naccarelli, M.A. Allessie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Does One Epidemic Feed the Other?
G. Boriani, M. Biffi, C.Martignani, C.Valzania, I. Diemberger,M. Ziacchi,
D. Saporito, P.Artale, G. Domenichini, L. Frabetti, A. Branzi . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Atrial Fibrillation:What Is the Impact of the Different Therapies
on Quality of Life?
B. Lderitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
‘Pill-In-The-Pocket’Approach for Outpatient Treatment of Recent Onset
Atrial Fibrillation: The Obvious Solution?
P.Alboni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Pharmacological Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation:Which Drugs Are
Preferred, Class IC or Class III?
N. Baldi,V. A. Russo, L. Di Gregorio,V.Morrone, L. Liconso,
G. Polimeni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Early Recurrences of Atrial Fibrillation: How To Predict Them?
G.L. Botto, M. Luzi, F.Ruffa, M.G. Gorgoglione,G. Ferrari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Dronedarone for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation: An Unfulfilled Promise?
A. Capucci, G.Q.Villani,D.Aschieri, M. Piepoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Prognosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Without
Structural Heart Disease
M. Di Biase,R. Troccoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Primary Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertensive Patients:
What Is New from the LIFE Trial?
K.Wachtell, M.H. Olsen, B.Dahlf,R.B.Devereux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Prognosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Different Clinical
Settings: Acute Myocardial Infarction
G. Zuin, M. Celestre, F.Di Pede . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Post-CABG Atrial Fibrillation:What Are the Incidence, Predictors,
Treatment, and Long-Term Outcome?
C. Blomstrm Lundqvist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Post-PCI Atrial Fibrillation: Possible Clinical and Prognostic Significance
B.Gorenek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Perioperative Interruption ofWarfarin: How Effective and Safe Is Bridging
Therapy with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin?
F. Di Pede, P. Buja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
How Safe Is Anticoagulant Therapy in Older Patients and What Should
Be the INR Target?
G. Di Pasquale, M. di Niro,G. Casella, P.C. Pavesi, A.Rubboli, C.Greco,
V. Carinci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Oral Antithrombin Agents:Will They Replace Warfarin?
G.Grnefeld,D. Pajitnev, F.Wegener, J.R. Ehrlich, S.H.Hohnloser . . . . . . . . 159
Guidelines for Anticoagulation of Atrial Fibrillation: Is It Time for an Update?
A.L.Waldo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CATHETER ABLATION AND OTHER
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES
Anatomy of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins:What Have We Learned
in Recent Years?
J.Kautzner,H. Mlcochova, P. Peichl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Imaging in Arrhythmic Syndromes:What Is the Role of Cardiac Radiology?
R.D.White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Value of Transoesophageal Echocardiography for the Ablation of Atrial
Fibrillation
B. De Piccoli, A.Rossillo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Value of the LocaLisa Non-fluoroscopic Mapping System in the Ablation
of Atrial Fibrillation
P. Sanders, P. Jas, M.Hocini, L.-F.Hsu, G.D.Young, C. Scave, P.Kuklik,
M.Rotter,Y. Takahashi, T. Rostock, F. Sacher, B. John,M. Stiles,
M.Hassaguerre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Linear Atrial Lesions Should Always Be Performed in Addition to
Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation
D. Shah, H. Burri, H. Sunthorn, P. Gentil-Baron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Systematic Electrical Disconnection of Superior Vena Cava in Addition to
Pulmonary Vein Ablation: Is It Worthwhile?
A. Bonso, S. Themistoclakis, A.Rossillo, M. Bevilacqua, A. Corrado,
A.Raviele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
What Is the Outcome of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients with Left
Ventricular Dysfunction?
L.-F.Hsu, P. Sanders, M.Hocini, F. Sacher,M.Rotter,Y. Takahashi,
T.Rostock, C. Scave,M.Hassaguerre, P. Jas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Complications of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: How to Prevent and Manage
Cerebrovascular Accidents
A.Rossillo, A. Bonso, S. Themistoclakis, A. Corrado, B. De Piccoli,
A.Raviele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
E.B. Saad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Atrial Fibrillation Should Be Considered a First-Line Therapy – Or Not?
A. Pacifico, P.D.Henry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Long-Term Use of the Atrial and Dual Defibrillator:What Have
We Learned?
J.M.Mekel, A.S. Thornton,D.A.M.J. Theuns, L.J. Jordaens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Hybrid Therapy as an Alternative in Refractory Atrial Fibrillation:
When,Why, and How?
S. Saksena, N. Skadsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Atrial Fibrillation and Transcatheter Ablation: ‘Ablate And Pace’ or
Pulmonary Veins Disconnection?
A. Proclemer, D. Pavoni, D. Facchin, M. Crosato, R. Ometto,
M. Bonanno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
HEREDITARY ARRHYTHMOGENIC SYNDROMES
Fever and Other Precipitants of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Brugada
Syndrome: Do We Know How They Act?
F.Naccarella, C. Liying, L. ShuZheng, S. Sdringola Maranga, G. Lepera,
F. Iachetti, G.Naccarelli,D. Corrado,A.Rampazzo,A.Nava, C. Felicani,
S. Depadoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Drug Challenge in Brugada Syndrome: How Valuable Is It?
T.Wichter, E. Schulze-Bahr,M. Paul, G. Breithardt, L. Eckardt . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Electrophysiologic Study in Brugada Syndrome:More Questions
Than Answers?
C.Wolpert, C. Echternach, C.Veltmann,R. Schimpf,M. Borggrefe . . . . . . . 317
Short QT Syndrome: How Frequent Is It and What Are Its Peculiar Features?
F. Gaita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
ICD Therapy for Short QT Syndrome: The Risk of Inappropriate
Shocks and How to Avoid Them
M. Borggrefe, C.Wolpert, C. Giustetto, F. Gaita,U. Bauersfeld,
R. Schimpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Quinidine to Treat Short QT Syndrome: A Real Alternative to ICD?
C. Giustetto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
ICD for the Long QT Syndrome:Which Indications, Complications,
and Results?
P.J. Schwartz, C. Spazzolini, L. Crotti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
How To Differentiate Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia from
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy?
C.Wolpert, C. Echternach, C.Veltmann,R. Schimpf,M. Borggrefe . . . . . . . 345
How To Diagnose and Approach Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia
E. Sosa, M. Scanavacca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
SUDDEN DEATH: PREDICTION AND PREVENTION
Predicting the Sudden Death in the Athlete
D. Corrado, C. Basso,M. Schiavon,G. Thiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
New Markers of Sudden Cardiac Death: Genetic Variables
N. El-Sherif,G. Turitto,V. Lakireddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Sudden Arrhythmic Death:Which Genetic Determinants?
G.A.Danieli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Brain Natriuretic Peptide as a Predictor of Sudden Cardiac Death
H.V.Huikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Non-Esterified Fatty Acids as Markers of Sudden Death
R.F. Pedretti, M.Ambrosetti, A. Laporta, S.Masnaghetti,R.Raimondo,
M. Salerno, F. Santoro,R.Vaninetti, S. Sarzi Braga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Value of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors to Prevent
Sudden Death
G. Fabbri, A.P.Maggioni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Value of Non-antiarrythmic Drugs in Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death:
Aldosterone Antagonists
L. Sahiner,A.Oto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
After DEFINITE, SCD-HeFT,COMPANION: Do We Need to Implant
an ICD in All Patients With Heart Failure?
D.S. Cannom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Health Care Systems: How to Resolve the Dilemma Between Clinical
Needs and Limited Resources?
M. Brignole, S.Nisam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Cost-Effectiveness and Aspects of Health Economics in Primary Prevention:
What Is the Case of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
G. Boriani, M. Biffi, C.Martignani, C.Valzania, I. Diemberger,M. Ziacchi,
D. Saporito, P.Artale, M. Bertini, C.Rapezzi, A. Branzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Public Access Defibrillation: How Widespread Is It and What Are the
Short-Term and Long-Term Results?
A. Capucci,D.Aschieri, G.Q.Villani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: How to Improve Survival?
M. Santomauro, A. Borrelli, C.Riganti, C. Liguori, E. Febbraro,
M.D’Onofrio,N.Monteforte, S. Buonerba, M. Chiariello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY: INDICATIONS AND RESULTS
Usefulness of Conventional Transthoracic Echocardiography in Selecting
Heart Failure Patients Likely to Benefit from Cardiac Resynchronisation
Therapy
M.V. Pitzalis,R.Romito, M. Iacoviello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography:Which Role for CRT Patients?
P.Nihoyannopoulos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Upgrading From Right Ventricular to Biventricular Pacing:When,Why,
and How?
R. Cazzin, G. Paparella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy: How to Identify Patients Who Will
not Respond to Therapy
M.M.Gulizia, A.Ragusa, G.M. Francese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Controversial and Emerging Indication for CRT: Atrial Fibrillation
M. Brignole, P. Jas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy in Patients with NYHA Class I-II
C. Linde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy: Is It Antiarrhythmic or Proarrhythmic?
G. Turitto, N. El-Sherif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Impact of CRT on Mortality:What Are the Preliminary Results from the
CARE-HF Trial?
M. Lunati,G.Magenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Loss of Resynchronisation by Biventricular Pacemakers:Mechanisms,
Diagnosis and Therapy
S.S. Barold, B.Herweg,A.B. Curtis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
CARDIAC PACING: TECHNICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
Right Ventricular Pacing: Is It Really That Bad?
A.Curnis, G. Sgarito, G.Mascioli, L.Bontempi,T.Bordonali, G. Ciaramitaro,
E. De Maria, S.Novo, L.Dei Cas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
The Importance of Minimising Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with
Sick Sinus Syndrome:Why and How?
A.B. Curtis, S.S. Barold, B.Herweg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Drug-Induced, Drug-Provoked and Drug-Associated Bradycardia
I.E.Ovsyshcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
The Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: CPAP or Cardiac Pacing?
P.E.Vardas, E. Simantirakis, S.E. Schiza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Rate-Responsive Pacing Controlled by the TVI Sensor in the Treatment of
Sick Sinus Syndrome
F. Dortics, M.A. Quiones, F. Tornes,Y. Fayad,R. Zayas, J. Castro,
A. Barbetta, F. Di Gregorio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Preliminary Test of a New Haemodynamic Pacemaker: Evaluation of
Sensor Safety
N. Galizio, J.Gonzalez, H. Fraguas, J. Barra, S.Graf, E. De Forteza,
R. Chirife, F. Di Gregorio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
From Analog to Digital Technology:What Are the Clinical Benefits?
R.Mantovan, G. Corbucci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
What Are the Benefits of Morphological Signal Analysis Using Digital
Technology?
R. Tukkie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
How Can New Technologies Help Make Follow-Up Easier?
V. Leonhardt, C. van Groeningen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Interference of Cellular Phones and Metal Detectors With Pacemakers
and ICDs: Still a Problem?
E. Occhetta, L. Plebani, M. Bortnik, P.Marino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Can Patients With Implanted Pacemakers/ICD Undergo Magnetic
Resonance Imaging?
S. Sermasi, M.Marconi, M.Mezzetti, G. Piovaccari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
SYNCOPE: EVALUATION AND THERAPIES
Syncope in Children and Adolescents:What Are the Peculiar Features?
W.Wieling,N. van Dijk, K.S. Ganzeboom, J. P. Saul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Syncope in Patients with Autonomic Nervous System Disturbances:
Which Diagnosis and Treatment?
C.J.Mathias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Organisation of Syncope Management Units: The North American
Experience
D.G. Benditt, F. Lu, K.G. Lurie, S. Sakaguchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
The Syncope Unit: How To Better Organise It? The European Experience
M. Brignole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Water Ingestion As Prophylaxis Against Syncope: Fact or Fancy?
J. Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Counter-Pressure Manoeuvres to Abort Impeding Syncope: Are They
Really Useful?
C.Menozzi, F. Quartieri, N. Bottoni, G. Lolli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Compression Stockings to Combat Vasovagal Syncope:
What Is the Rationale?
M.Madalosso, F. Giada, A.Raviele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Blockers for Prevention of Vasovagal Syncope:Who Benefits
from Treatment?
R.S. Sheldon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
Has Psychiatric Treatment Any Role in the Management
of Vasovagal Syncope?
F. Giada, I. Silvestri,A.Rossillo, M.Madalosso, P.G.Nicotera,
A.Raviele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Familial Vasovagal Syncope: Clinical Characteristics and Potential
Genetic Substrates
A. Gonzlez-Hermosillo, M.F. Mrquez, M.Vallejo, K.I.Urias,
M. Crdenas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
Оставляйте, пожалуйста, свое мнение о книге!
Краткий курс оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией
Краткий курс оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией
Премьера: 1947
Автор: В.Н. Шевкуненко
Издание: М. "Медгиз"
Информация: DjVu
Quality: Отсканированные страницы
Количество страниц: 567
Сюжет: Предлагаемый учебник был сдан в производство в Ленинграде в самом начале Отечественной воины, поэтому ряд материалов, относящихся к хирургии военного времени, удалось включить в него лишь частично (например, хирургическая техника первичной обработки ран, элементы современной восстановительной хирургии, блокада нервов на шее и др.).
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